《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(2): 316-324

采后晾晒对油茶种仁油脂产量及组分的影响

曾艳玲^*, 颜亚丹, 谭晓风, 何超银, 杨睿

中南林业科技大学, 经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室, 经济林培育与利用湖南省协同创新中心, 长沙410004

通信作者：曾艳玲；E-mail: zengyanling110@126.com

摘　要：

油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国大力推广的优质油料树种。本研究分别取花后150和170 d油茶果实, 比较新鲜提取、自然晾晒及不同光质晾晒后种仁含油率及脂肪酸含量, 旨在为合理采收处理提供科学依据。结果表明, 晾晒能够显著提高花后150 d油茶种仁出油率, 其中‘华鑫’种仁出油率的增加达5.35%。覆盖蓝色膜晾晒最有利于花后150 d的‘华硕’油茶油脂采后合成, 种仁出油率高达52.42%。晾晒对花后170 d油茶种仁出油率影响不大。无论晾晒与否, 脂肪酸成分不变, 花后170 d较花后150 d油茶种仁中硬脂酸和油酸含量均有增加, 但是品种间差异不显著。

关键词：油茶; 晾晒; 光质; 油脂含量; 脂肪酸

收稿：2017-10-18   修定：2018-01-22

资助：国家自然科学基金(31500556)、湖南省教育厅项目(16C1669)、湖南省林业厅项目(XKL201743)。

Effect of air-drying on seed oil yield and component of Camellia oleifera after harvest

ZENG Yan-Ling^*, YAN Yan-Dan, TAN Xiao-Feng, HE Chao-Yin, YANG Rui

The Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-wood Forest Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Corresponding author: ZENG Yan-Ling; E-mail: zengyanling110@126.com

Abstract:

Camellia oleifera is a high-quality oil tree of China. In this study, C. oleifera fruits were collected 150 and 170 d after flowering (DAF). Kernel oil was extracted from fresh fruits, fruits after natural air-drying, and fruits after selective light air-drying, separately. Oil yield and fatty acid composition were analyzed, providing a scientific basis for selecting the optimal harvest time and postharvest processing technique. The results showed that the oil yield of 150-DAF fruits could be increased significantly by air-drying, and ‘Huaxin’ oil yield increased by 5.35%. Air-drying with blue film covering was considered the best postharvest processing technique for fatty acid synthesis in 150-DAF ‘Huashuo’ fruits, whose oil yield could reach 52.42%. The oil yield of 170-DAF fruits changed little with air-drying. Regardless of drying, the fatty acid composition of C. oleifera oil remained unchanged. Comparison of fatty acid composition showed that stearic and oleic acid levels in the 170-DAF fruits were higher than those in the 15-DAF fruits; however, there was no significant difference between the analyzed cultivars.

Key words: Camellia oleifera; air-drying; light quality; oil content; fatty acid